Comparing the Mauryn and Han Dynasties essays

Comparing the Mauryn and Han Dynasties essays When comparing The Han Dynasty(China) with The Mauryan Empire(India), you can see similarities very clearly, but under those, distinct differences can be found. Politics in each culture resemble each other in many ways. The two empires have a sort of checks and balance system. No one ruler controls solely over the empire, but the two kingdoms are divided into provinces ruled by governors. This is a very clear point in comparing the two, but in another way, it can be a point of contrast. Even though the two political systems resemble, the Hans made notable advancements with their selecting public officials on merit and not by birth. The Mauryan offices were hereditary. Even when the Hans and the Mauryans have a sign of resemblance, each culture has their spin on the subject. In both empires, there are definite classes formed in the social systems. The Mauryans had a strict social scale, in which you were born on, while the Han dynasty seemed to be a little more relaxed in their social scale. In India, the Caste System set the status of the people. This system kept people in their place, and movement up and down the scale was extremely uncommon. In China, the top of their social scale ruled the bottom, much like in India. The top bullied the bottom around, although, in India, people wanted nothing to do with the "untouchables"(bottom of the caste system). Both empires drew lines between social statuses, but they differed in how strong the lines were. Farming and taxes on land seemed to serve as the base for both the Han Dynasty's and the Mauryan Empire's economy. The peasantry who did not own land was forced to become landless farmers. They paid rent for a living, and they worked someone else's land. In the Han dynasty, powerful clans raised armies and bullied small farmers into becoming tenant farmers (landless farmers). Trade affected both empires, but the Han government moved more cautiously into the trading system, while India ...

Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example

Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird Paper Social Inequality in To Kill a Mockingbird Paper Essay Topic: To Kill a Mockingbird Social inequality is the existence of unequal opportunity for different social classes. Social inequality is found within every society and is based upon many different factors. Some of these factors include people’s level of education and their level of income. Harper Lee shows social inequality is largely influenced on the amount of education received in her book To Kill A Mockingbird. One of the main characters in To Kill A Mockingbird is Jem Finch. Jem Finch defines the social hierarchy of Maycomb, Alabama into four different categories. Jem puts people like his family, the Finches, at the top of the hierarchy. The Finches are a very educated, well off, white, family. Below the Finches Jem puts the Cunninghams. The Cunninghams are a poor, semi-educated, white family. Even though the Cunninghams are in some bad situations, they are still nice people. This is why they are above the next people: the Ewells. The Ewells are the second to last on Jem’s social hierarchy scale. The Ewells are what would be consider â€Å"white trash†. They are rude, filthy, poor, uneducated people. The only reason the Cunninghams and Ewells are not on the same level is because of how rude the Ewells are. The last on Jem’s scale is the blacks. The setting of To Kill A Mockingbird took place in the 1930’s, which is why the blacks are on the bottom. This also explains why the blacks were not allowed the same opportunities as everyone else was. Blacks were not given the same education opportunities as the whites. A majority of the citizens in this time period were extremely racist. As previously stated the Finches are the most financially stable and they have the most education out of everyone in the book. Their level of education is shown through the fact that Atticus, the father of Jem and Scout, is an attorney. Even in the 1930’s being an attorney was not easy to become; it required a lot of schooling. Atticus being an attorney is also why they a

PV92 practical Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PV92 practical - Assignment Example This would, therefore, mean that the genomic DNA is not protected from degradation by the cellular enzymes released during the isolation protocol of the DNA. Response to Question 2. In order to carry out a PCR, one requires DNA. This means a cell is important since it is the source of the DNA. The cell can also serve as a source for base pairs, enzymes and primers. Response to Question 3. There are various structures that are often broken in order to release the DNA from a cell. These include the cells, the cheek tissues, the phosholids, the nucleus, and proteinase K. this is done so that proteins along with other organically-soluble compounds are removed from chromosomes and cells. PCR Amplication. Response to question 1. It is important to have a primer on either side of the segment of a DNA that is going to be amplified because these form the four basic bases. Uracil exists in RNA, despite being a special case. Primers are vital and essential components of the synthesis. They synt hesize an RNA short piece which is complementary to the strant of the template DNA forming the bonds of hydrogen with it. This provides a DNA polymer with a starting poing which that is required for the synthesis. After the completion of the DNA synthesis, the segment of RNA is removed and a DNA replaces it. Response to Question 2. Taq DNA polymerase is the thermostable DNA polymerase that derived its name from the thermophilic bacterium called Thermus aquaticus. The T.aquaticus is a specific bacterium found in hydrothermal and hot springs vents. Response to Question 3. It is because they are the only four basic bases with uracil being is present in the RNA, although it is a special case. Components of Master mix include water, oug template, the buffer, deoxynucleotides, aum primers, template DNA and ampliTaq polymerase. The buffer is used for keeping the master mix at a suitable PH in order to make sure the reaction of the PCR occurs. Deoxynu-cleotides, in this case help in providi ng the energy and the nucleosides used for synthesizing the DNA. As widely cited, it is vital adding equal amounts of each of the nucleotide (, dTTP, dCTP, dATP and dGTP) onto the master matrix for purposes of preventing the mismatch of bases. The ouM primers are short pieces of the DNA that often bind onto the DNA template to allow the Taq DNA polymerase enzyme to start the incorporation of deoxynucleotides. The AmpliTaq polymerase is used, in this case, to add the deoxynucleotides onto the DNA template. Last but not least, there is presence of oug template that is often amplified by a PCR reaction. Response to Question 4. The DNA PCR amplification takes place in repeated cycles of the three temperature-dependent steps. In the first step, a double-stranded DNA or (dsDNA) template becomes denatured. In the second stage, the oligonucleotide primers become annealed to a single-stranded DNA also called (ssDNA) template. In this case one primer become designed specifically to anneal ont o a certain specific region found on the left side of the strands of the DNA with the other primer being designed specifically to anneal onto a specific region of the complementary DNA strand right side. In the third stage, the DNA polymerase is meant to extend on each primer in 3' to 5' direction, while duplicating the fragment of the DNA between the primers. While